INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHOR
Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, Series A: Physical Sciences and Series B: Biological Sciences publish original researches as full research papers, short communications and reviews papers. The  manuscript written in clear, concise English will be accepted for review. Authors who are not native English speakers should note that the manuscript must be edited for linguistic errors by some professional experts.

The manuscripts will be entertained covering the following subjects of Physical and Biological Sciences: Agriculture, Agronomy, Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Botany, Chemistry, Ecology, Environmental Sciences, Epidemiology, Food Sciences, Genetics, Geography, Geology, Microbiology, Nanotechnology, Natural Products, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Physics, Proteomics, Radiation, Soil Sciences, Spectroscopy and Applied Sciences, Toxicology, Veterinary Sciences and Zoology. However, we do not entertain articles of pure Mathematics, Computer Sciences, pure Engineering and Medical Sciences.

All manuscripts are evaluated by subject experts of advanced countries. However, authenticity of the contents remains the sole responsibility of the author/s. The Journal reserves the rights to edit, wherever
considered necessary to make contribution harmonized with the format of the journal. 

Manuscripts should be submitted online via PJSIR website:
· Simply log on to our website and follow the onscreen instructions for all submissions (you will need to register before your first submission to PJSIR). 
· If you have any technical problems or questions related to the electronic submission process or uploading your files, please contact to our Editorial Office.

Types of Manuscript:
The journal publishes (1) Regular manuscripts, (2) Short communication and (3) Reviews

(1) Regular Manuscripts: The manuscript being submitted must consist of original research performed by the authors and the research must include new information that is significant.

(2) Short Communications: Short communication should contain a description of findings in a concise form that would be of interest to readers of the journal. The material should be formatted as per PJSIR style and should not exceed 1500 words/3 printed pages.

(3) Reviews: Regular Reviews : Reviewing scientific discoveries including the recent results of author(s) and articles must having total length of the paper along with references approximately 10 printed pages. 

Invited Reviews: Submitted by invitation from the Editorial Board and encompass recent important scientific discoveries of approximately 10 printed pages (including tables, figures and references).

Prerequisites for Publication:

· Certificate: A certificate must be submitted that the paper has neither been submitted nor will be sent to any other journal after submitting to PJSIR.

· Co-authors verification: Author should certify that the co-author(s) has/have been informed about the submission of the paper to the journal.

· Reviewers’ names: The author should submit at least four experts and their e-mail for review of the paper out of their country.

· Illustrations/photographs: It should be prepared for reproduction as halftones or line drawings. All illustrations are to be submitted in complete and finished form, with adequate labeling. Photographs in JPEG/TIFF format preferably direct from original with minimum reduction and clear resolution. Symbols and lines should be chosen to remain legible after the degree of reduction that will be used (single column 7.5:double column 16 cm) for better results.

· Copyright: PJSIR owns all copyright to any work published in the Journal. Any material submitted, whether appearing in the journal or not, may not be used, reproduced, or transmitted without the written consent of PJSIR.

· Plagiarism Report: PJSIR observes/follows HEC guidelines/Criteria for plagiarism. It is the author’s responsibility to apprise themselves of plagiarism in any form. All the papers submitted to PJSIR should be accompanied by Turnitin Plagiarism Report up to 19% similarity index. If plagiarism report has been taken earlier, submit a certificate for the same. 

· Conflict of interest/Financial disclosure statement: At the time of submission declaration must be submitted that the authors have no conflict of interest. Authors should disclose in the online submission system any commercial affiliation or consultancy that could be construed as a conflict of interest with respect to the submitted data.

· Authors’ contribution: All papers submitted to PJSIR should be accompanied with statement describing contributions of each author of the paper.

Manuscript preparation:

· Manuscripts should be submitted with double spaced with proper margin on left and right side preferably in MS-Word (version 2003 and upwards) in 12-point size font on A4 size sheet with pages numbers from 1st to last in the bottom of the paper. Author/s may submit electronic copies in Ms Word via e-mail or through our website.

· Cover letter: Manuscript should be submitted with a covering letter at every time of submission. 

· Title of the paper: The manuscript should contain title of the paper and unabbreviated names of all authors with their complete postal addresses e-mail and phone numbers. An asterisk (*)
should be added to the right of the corresponding author’s name.

· Abstract: The manuscript should contain abstract (not more than 300 words for research paper  and 150 words for short communication).

· Key words: Up to six keywords identifying the nature of the subject matter may be used to  alert readers. Key words should be listed below the summary of the paper. 

· Introduction: The section should contain a clear statement of the purpose of work, the reasons for undertaking the research and pertinent background of the study that allows readers outside the field to understand the purpose and significance of the work.

· Materials and Methods: Description of methods should be brief, but with sufficient details to enable the experiments to be repeated by the readers. The design of the study or experiments, any specific procedures used, and statistical analyses must be described clearly and carefully. References to other papers describing the techniques may be given. The name and location (city and state/country) of commercial suppliers of uncommon chemicals, reagents, or instruments should be mentioned.

· Results and Discussion: The results and discussion should be presented concisely. Tables and figures should be used only if they are essential for the comprehension of the data. The purpose of the discussion is to interpret the results and to relate them to existing knowledge in the field.

· Conclusion: Conclusion should be provided under separate heading and highlight new aspects arising from the study. It should be in accordance with the objectives.

· Tables: Tables should be numbered (Arabic numerals) in the order in which they are referred to in the text. Each Table should have brief title, be on a separate page, and be double-spaced throughout. Non-standard abbreviations should be used sparingly and must be defined in a legend at the bottom of the Table. For Table title, use lower case letters with only the first letter capitalized. 

· Figures: All illustrations (line drawings and photographs) are classified as figures. Digital photograph files should have a resolution of at least 300 dpi. Figures should be cited in consecutive order in the text. The abbreviation “Fig.” should be used (e.g., (Fig. 1), If a figure consists of multiple parts, letters (a, b, c, etc.) should be used to label them (e.g, Fig. 1a). Legends for the figures should be double-spaced, in numerical order, and on a separate page. Non-standard
abbreviations should be defined in legends. For figure title, use lower case letters with only the first letter capitalized.

· Units: IUPAC rules for units and their abbreviations should be used, i-e length (m, cm, mm, µm, nm, Å), mass (Kg, g, mg, µg, ng pg, mol, mmol, µmol), volume (L, mL, µL), time (s, min, h, d), temperature (°C, oK), radiation (Bq, dpm, Gy, Sv), and concentration (M, mM) mol/L, mmol/L, mg/mL, (v/v), (w/v), ppm, ppb).

· Spectral and elemental analysis data: Please report spectral and elemental analysis data in the following format. 1H-NMR (CDC13) d : 1.25 (3H, D, J=7.0Hz) 3.55 (1H, q, J=7.0Hz), 6.70 (1H, m) 13C-NMR (CDC13) d :20.9 (q) 71.5 (d), 169.9 (s). IR (KBr) cm-1: 1720, 1050, 910 UV lmax (EtOH) nm (e) : 241 (1086), 288 (9380). UV lmax (H2O)nm(log e): 280 (3.25). FAB-MS m/z: 332.1258 (Calcd for C18H20O6: 332.1259). MS m/z:332 (M+) 180, 168, [a]23 D – 74.5 (c=1.0 MeOH). Anal. Calcd for C19H21NO3:C, 73.29; H, 6.80; N, 4.50 Found: C, 73.30; H, 6.88: N, 4.65.

· References formation: All references should be as per PJSIR format, and cited in the text by the last name of the author and year into a chronological descending order. All references in the bibliography should be listed in alphabetical order of the authors’ last names followed by date of publication and other complete details with full names of Journals as given below: 

In “Text” References :
Park (2005), Aksu and Kabasakal (2004) and Evans et al. (2000)
(Park, 2005; Aksu and Kabasakal, 2004; Evans et al., 2000)

In “List” References :
Evans, W.J., Johnson, M.A., Fujimoto, Cy. H., Greaves, J. 2000. Utility of electrospray mass spectrometry for the characterization of air-sensitive organolan-thanides and related species. Organometallics, 19: 4258-4265.

For Standards:
ASTM, 2007. Standard Test Method for the Determination of Iron Ion Ores and Related Materials  (E247-OD) P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, USA, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, vol,30.5 pp.163-165.

PCRWR, 2007. Water Quality Monitoring, Fifth Monitoring Report 2005-6 . ISBN 978-969-8469-184, Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources. Pakistan.

Books:
Cinar, A., Parulekar, S.J., Undey, C., Birol, G. 2003. Batch Fermentation: Modeling, Monitoring, and Control, 250 pp.Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, USA.

Chapters in Edited Books:
Newby, P.J., Johnson, B. 2003. Overview of alternative rapid microbiological techniques. In: Rapid Microbiological Methods in the Pharmaceutical Industry, M.C. Easter (ed.), vol. 1, pp. 41-59, 1st edition, Interpharm / CRC, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.

Papers in Proceedings:
Marceau, J. 2000. Innovation systems in building and construction and the housing industry in Australia. In: Proceedings of Asia-Pacific Science and Technology Management Seminar on National Innovation Systems, pp. 129-156, Japan Int. Sci. Technol. Exchange Centre,   Saitama,  Japan.

Reports:
SIC, 2016. Annual Report, 2014-15, Scientific Information Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, PCSIR Laboratories Campus, Shahrah-e-Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Karachi, Pakistan.

Thesis:
Saeed, A. 2005. Comparative Studies on the Biosorption of Heavy Metals by Immobilized Microalgal Cultures, Suspended Biomass and Agrowastes. Ph.D. Thesis, 248 pp., University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.

Patents:
Young, D.M. 2000. Thermostable Proteolysis Enzymes and Uses Thereof in Peptide and Protein Synthesis, US Patent No. 6,143,517, 7th November, 2000. 

Data Set from a Database: (information should be retrievable through the input)  Deming, D; Dynarski, S. 2008. The lengthening of childhood (NBER Paper 14124) Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, Retrieved July 21, 2008 from http://www.nber.org/papers/w14124) DOI No...........

Other Important Points:
1. In general, after submission of a paper, no authors may be added deleted or replaced with other names from the paper, and the order of the names of the authors cannot be changed at any stage i.e. modification, revision and galley proof.
2. The authors are given an opportunity to proofread the galley of an accepted manuscript. No additions and revisions are allowed other than the correction of typographical errors. 
3. No reprints will be sent. Single hard copy will be sent to the corresponding author and co- authors may subscribe it. Full-text will be available on our website.
4. Any change in postal address or e-mail of the corresponding author should be communicated immediately to the Editorial Office.

· Publication fees: At the time of submission of an article, the author has to submit Publication fees of the paper PKR. 2500/= (through Cross Cheque in favor of PCSIR NIDA 16-3, NBP and send at the address given below).

The manuscripts should be addressed to :
The Executive Editor
Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research
Scientific Information Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Campus,
Sharah-e-Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Karachi-75280, Pakistan
Phone: (92-21)-99261914,16,17,99261949 Fax: (92-21) 99261913
Web: http://www.pjsir.org; E-mail: info@pjsir.org